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Yusuf al-Qaradawi ((アラビア語:يوسف القرضاوي ''Yūsuf al-Qaraḍāwī''); or ''Yusuf al-Qardawi''; born 9 September 1926) is an Egyptian Islamic theologian, and chairman of the International Union of Muslim Scholars. He is best known for his programme, ''al-Sharīʿa wa al-Ḥayāh'' ("Sharia and Life"), broadcast on Al Jazeera, which has an estimated audience of 60 million worldwide.〔No.9 Sheikh Dr Yusuf al Qaradawi, Head of the International Union of Muslim Scholars – "The 500 most influential Muslims in the world 2009", Prof John Esposito and Prof Ibrahim Kalin – Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University〕 He is also well known for IslamOnline, a popular website he helped found in 1997 and for which he now serves as chief religious scholar. Al-Qaradawi has published more than 120 books,〔 including ''The Lawful and the Prohibited in Islam'' and ''Islam: The Future Civilization''. He has also received eight international prizes for his contributions to Islamic scholarship,〔("Qaradawi Wins Hijra Award" ) ION, 15 December 2009〕 and is considered one of the most influential such scholars living today.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Product Description: The Global Mufti: The Phenomenon of Yusuf Al-Qaradawi (Paperback)by Bettina Graf (Author, Editor), Jakob Skovgaard-Petersen (Editor) C Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd (20 July 2009) )〕〔Raymond William Baker, Islam Without Fear: Egypt and the New Islamists (2003), p.4〕 Al-Qaradawi has long had a prominent role within the intellectual leadership of the Muslim Brotherhood, an Egyptian political organization, although he has repeatedly stated that he is no longer a member〔 and twice (in 1976 and 2004) turned down offers for the official role in the organization.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Al-Qaradawi Turns Down Offer to Assume Leadership of the Muslim Brotherhood )〕 Some of al-Qaradawi's views have been controversial in the West:〔(Controversial preacher with 'star status' ) BBC article, by agdi Abdelhadi on 7 July 2004〕 he was refused an entry visa to the United Kingdom in 2008,〔 and barred from entering France in 2012. As of 2004, al-Qaradawi was a trustee of the Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies. He also served as a consultant scholar for an epic movie in English on Muhammad, and a 30-part series on the second caliph 'Umar b. al-Khațțāb. ==Biography== Al-Qaradawi was born in 1926 in Saft Turab village in the Nile Delta, now in Gharbia Governorate, Egypt, in a poor family of devout Muslim peasants. He became an orphan at the age of two, when he lost his father. Following his father's death, he was raised by his uncle. He read and memorized the entire Quran by the time he was nine years old. He then joined the Institute of Religious Studies at Tanta, and graduated after nine years of study. He moved on to study Islamic Theology at the Al-Azhar University in Cairo, from which he graduated in 1953. He earned a diploma in Arabic Language and Literature in 1958 at the Advanced Arabic Studies Institute. He enrolled in the graduate program in the Department of Quran and Sunnah Sciences of the Faculty of Religion's Fundamentals (Usul al-Din), and graduated with a Master's degree in Quranic Studies in 1960.〔(Al Qaradawi in Al Azhar ) Asharq Aawsat 17 July 2008〕 In 1962, he was sent by Al-Azhar University to Qatar to head the Qatari Secondary Institute of Religious Studies. He completed his PhD thesis titled ''Zakah and its effect on solving social problems'' in 1973 with First Merit and was awarded his PhD degree from Al-Azhar. In 1977, he laid the foundation for the Faculty of Shari'ah and Islamic Studies in the University of Qatar and became the faculty's dean. In the same year he founded the Centre of Seerah and Sunna Research.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Islamic Personality> Fourth Session )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Dr. Yousef Al Qaradhawi winner Cultural & Scientific Achievements Sixth Circle 1998–1999 )〕 He also served at the Institute of Imams, Egypt under the Egyptian Ministry of Religious Endowments as supervisor before moving back to Doha as Dean of the Islamic Department at the Faculties of Shariah and Education in Qatar, where he continued until 1990. His next appointment was in Algeria as Chairman of the Scientific Council of Islamic University and Higher Institutions in 1990–91. He returned to Qatar once more as Director of the Seerah and Sunnah Center at Qatar University, a post he still occupies today.〔 Al-Qaradawi is the head of the European Council for Fatwa and Research, an Islamic scholarly entity based in Ireland.〔(The European Council for Fatwa and Research )〕 He also serves as the chairman of International Union for Muslim Scholars (IUMS).〔(Lawyers in Qatar )〕 He was imprisoned under King Farouq in 1949, then three times during the reign of former President Gamal Abdul Nasser, until he left Egypt for Qatar in 1961.〔 He returned to Egypt in 2011 in the wake of the 2011 Egyptian Revolution.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Egypt Revolution Unfinished, Qaradawi Tells Tahrir Masses )〕 Al-Qaradawi is a principal shareholder and former Sharia adviser to Bank Al-Taqwa, a member bank of the Lugano-Switzerland Al-Taqwa group, a bank that the U.S. states finances terrorism and that the UN Security Council had listed as associated with Al Qaeda.〔(Islamic Banking in Britain )〕 On 2 August 2010, the bank was removed from a list of entities and individuals associated with Al Qaeda maintained by the Security Council.〔(10 Taliban taken off UN terror list )〕〔(The UN -The Consolidated List September 2009 )〕 Al-Qaradawi finished 3rd in a 2008 poll on who was the world's leading public intellectual. The poll, Top 100 Public Intellectuals, was of the readers of ''Prospect Magazine'' (UK) and ''Foreign Policy'' (United States). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Yusuf al-Qaradawi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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